Abstract: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has become a clinically standard modality for the treatment
of localized jawbone defects. Barrier membranes play an important role in this process by
preventing soft tissue invasion outgoing from the mucosa and creating an underlying space to
support bone growth. Different membrane types provide different biological mechanisms due to
their different origins, preparation methods and structures. Among them, collagen membranes have
attracted great interest due to their excellent biological properties and desired bone regeneration
results to non-absorbable membranes even without a second surgery for removal. This work provides
a comparative summary of common barrier membranes used in GBR, focusing on recent advances in
collagen membranes and their biological mechanisms. In conclusion, the review article highlights
the biological and regenerative properties of currently available barrier membranes with a particular
focus on bioresorbable collagen-based materials. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of
these biomaterials are highlighted, and possible improvements for future material developments
are summarized.